He died some time after 1534. SIMNEL, LAMBERT (fl. When he captured Lambert Simnel, the young tradesman's son who led the first revolt against him and was crowned King of England in Dublin, he did not put him to death, but employed him as a servant in his household." When Henry VII heard what was happening he began to plan an invasion of Scotland. Classroom lessons activities with primary sources and student questions and answers. Lambert Simnel | Teaching Resources Lambert Simnel Subject: History Age range: 16+ Resource type: Lesson (complete) 1 review File previews pptx, 2.72 MB docx, 13.43 KB PNG, 214.78 KB The Tudors: England 1485-1603 The aim of this lesson is decide how much of a threat Lambert Simnel posed to Henry VII. Queen Elizabeth also suggested she accustom herself to drink wine, as the water in England was not drinkable. On 10th December 1485, the House of Commons, through their speaker Thomas Lovell, urged the king to act on his promise to marry "that illustrious lady Elizabeth, daughter of King Edward IV" and so render possible "the propagation of offspring from the stock of kings". Although out-numbered, Richard's superior position at the top of the hill enabled him to stop the rival forces breaking through at first. Though few contemporaries expected his regime to last, the history of England had taken a decisive turn. (62)Henry VII died on 21st April 1509. Henry moved through Leicester to Nottingham, steadily assembling a large army - probably twice the size of his rivals' - from the retinues of loyal peers and household knights. He married Lady Catherine Gordon the daughter of George Gordon, and with this alliance came strong Scottish support. While in Wales, Henry also persuaded many skillful longbowmen to join him in his fight against Richard. Throughout the period 1485-1602, it is evident that there were . The invasion was disastrous as Warbeck failed to find the hoped-for public support in England. According to his biographer, Michael J. Bennett: "Simnel. Simnels father was an organ maker. He was also described as having an "unhealthy" skin colour. (15). The second largest city in England, Norwich, had 13,000 inhabitants; but Bristol and Newcastle were the only other towns with more than 10,000. Henrys own questionable legitimacy to the throne (claimed through his mother, who aside from anything else was still alive at the time) encouraged dissent and rebellion in his early years as king. He was lodged in the Castle, every deference was paid to him, and messengers were despatched to the friends of the House of York in England, and to the Dowager Duchess of Burgundy, his supposed aunt. (12)King Henry VIIHenry VII was crowned on the battlefield with Richard's crown. For the racehorse, see. I can tell where you will be - in the Tower of London. (35). The Earl of Lincoln was killed during the battle and Lambert Simnel was captured.According to Polydore Vergil Henry VII spared Lambert Simnel, and put him to service, first in the scullery, and later as a falconer. However, Lincoln did not receive as much support as he had anticipated. A year later, the false report of the death in the Tower of another young Yorkist, Edward, earl of Warwick, changed the impersonation. Lord Stanley's reply was short: "Sire, I have other sons." According to Francis Bacon: "The Cornish, being ill-armed and ill-led and without horse or artillery, were with no great difficulty cut in pieces and put to flight." There were a number of people who claimed, after Richard had died, to be one of the Princes in the Tower, the most famous being Perkin Warbeck, who fought Henry VII for the throne. "In an age when marriages were frequently contracted for reasons of state between children or those hovering between childhood and adolescence, more care rather than less was taken over the timing of consummation. Simnel was routed at the battle of Stoke: his promoters were slain or imprisoned, and the young imposter was taken into the royal household as a servant. It was also agreed that the marriage would take place as soon as Henry completed his fifteenth year. Also available online - free - from The Online Library of Liberty. Lambert Simnel, a boy of ten, was used by others to reassert the House of York's claim to the throne. Employed in the royal kitchens, the pretender made a modest career for himself, dying soon after 1534. He gave his support to Perkin Warbeck but spies in the Maximilian's court told Henry VII about the conspiracy. For Henry VII the problem was simple: if he failed to assert himself at the first opportunity he had to do so, then the probability was that Henry would fall from power. Of noble appearance and demeanour, he acted his part to perfection. Both sons and daughters were pieces to be moved in the diplomatic game, which usually began while they were still in their cradles. The Earl of Lincoln proclaimed Simnel as the rightful successor of King Richard III, with a better claim than Henry. For the king it was all or nothing.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',129,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-3-0'); The first initial problem Henry had was one he inherited from Richard III the Princes in the Tower. Bacon commented: "The less blood he drew, the more he took of treasure." (Answer Commentary). David Starkey has suggested he might have been suffering from testicular cancer. All rights reserved. Pole and his mercenaries, joined by 4,000 Irish troops, arrived on the Cumbrian coast on 4th June and marched across northern Lancashire before moving south. lambert simnel primary sources. (14)Francis Bacon has suggested that Henry's "aversion toward the house of York was so predominant in him as it found place not only in his wars and councils, but in his chamber and bed". He also received support from the sister of Edward IV, his supposed aunt. According to his diehard Yorkist promoters, however, the boy was actually Edward, Earl of Warwick, son of Edward IV's brother the Duke of Clarence and thus the rightful heir to the throne of England, usurped by Henry VII after the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. However, most local nobles, with the exception of Sir Thomas Broughton, did not join them. King Richard received many mortal wounds and like a spirited and most courageous prince, fell in battle on the field and not in flight. Backed by several thousand Irish troops in addition to Margaret's mercenaries, Simnel and his patrons landed at Foulney Island on the Cumbrian coast on 4 June and marched across northern Lancashire, over the Pennines and rapidly southwards, gathering support from Ricardian die-hards. The pretender to the throne received support from the Duchess of Burgundy the daughter of Edward IV. At Dublin on 24 May, led by Gerald Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, the lord deputy recently confirmed in office by Henry, they crowned him as Edward VI. (8), When Richard heard about the arrival of Henry Tudor he marched his army to meet his rival for the throne. A Dictionary of British History , Subjects: They then moved to Ludlow Castle. (5)King Louis XI of France agreed to Edward's request to try and capture Henry. Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, also brought 3,000 men but his loyalty to Richard was in doubt. (28), Henry VII sent a force of archers and cavalry round the back of the rebels. It was also agreed that the marriage would take place as soon as Henry completed his fifteenth year. (61)King Ferdinand feared that Catherine would not be allowed to marry Henry, who was growing into a handsome prince. King Henry treated Warbeck well, and after he confessed that he was a fraud, he was provided accommodation at the court of Henry. Nor is it quite certain that it was not Henry who killed the Princes in the Tower. Catherine arrival was delayed until Prince Arthur was able to consummating the marriage. But the existence of a rebellion under Simnel, as well as the much more dangerous Perkin Warbeck, shows how vulnerable Henrys first years on his throne were. The only part of France still held by the English was the Marches of Calais, a strip of territory around the town of Calais. (3). "Exactly what part he played in the conspiracy, and in its betrayal to the king on 3 August, is hard to establish, but Henry and his council resolved to punish all the principal participants." Richard refused, claiming that he could still obtain victory by killing Henry Tudor in personal combat. His account of the journey provides invaluable eyewitness testimony to the trauma and tragedy that many emigrants had to face en route to their new lives in Canada and America. Spain, along with France, were the two major powers in Europe. For the first time since the 11th century the realm did not include one French province. But this turned out to be both a strength and a weakness. Revisiting Anne Boleyns Guilt, https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-lambert-simnel-rebellion/, https://www.historytoday.com/archive/execution-perkin-warbeck. Henry VII met it at Stoke, near Newark, and was victorious. Henry dealt with this threat decisively. There is less surviving ,evidence about the personal character of Henry than there is for the other Tudors. Henry's army, probably twice the size of Pole's, headed north from London. Richard had been informed that Lord Stanley had already promised to help Henry Tudor. Source: Tony Marturano / Adobe Stock. Francis II, Duke of Brittany, offered them asylum but under Edward's diplomatic pressure, this turned into house arrest in a succession of castles and palaces. There was no serious evidence of treason against either, although their blood made them a potential cause of treason in others. Many Irish lords and their followers fell at Stoke. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Alison Weir has argued that his childhood experiences had encouraged him to feel insecure and suspicious. The royal army of 12,000 set up camp 10 miles (16km) away. He also provided funding for Warbeck's 1,400 supporters. It also enhanced Henrys wealth as all attainted land and estates became the property of the king. (46), Antonia Fraser, the author of The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1992) has argued that she believes the marriage was unconsummated. The mask he wore was to some extent deliberately inhuman. Lambert Simnel (c. 1477 - after 1534) was a pretender to the throne of England. (40) As a high-born Castilian bride, Catherine remained veiled to both her husband and her father-in-law until after the marriage ceremony. The battle lasted for three hours. He sailed to Ireland with over 1,500 German mercenaries. The king gravely asked him whether any future events could be foretold by the stars; "Yes, Sir." Simon spread a rumour that Warwick had actually escaped from the Tower and was under his guardianship. (43), The couple spent the first month of their marriage at Tickenhill Manor. ( 28 ), when Richard heard about the arrival of Henry Tudor was pretender! 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